14 results
8 Perspectives of Self, Stigma, and the Future Following Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Disclosure in Cognitively Symptomatic Older Adults
- Annalise Rahman-Filipiak, Mary Lesniak, Marie Milliken, Sara Feldman, J. Scott Roberts, Benjamin M Hampstead
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 219-221
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
In the absence of treatments to halt or reverse symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, early detection may extend the window for meaningful treatment, advanced planning, and coping. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans for amyloid and tau are validated biomarkers of AD, yet results are rarely disclosed to participants due to concerns about negative impacts. While prior studies suggest limited anxiety, depression, or suicidality following biomarker disclosure, no study to date has examined broader psychological impacts of PET amyloid/tau disclosure to symptomatic individuals. Therefore, we explored post-disclosure changes in future time perspective (perceptions of limited time or possibilities left in the future), self-efficacy for managing symptoms, and perceived stigma as a function of result received.
Participants and Methods:Forty-three older adults (age = 72.0±6.2 years; education = 16.5±2.6; 88.4% White Non-Hispanic; 48.8% female) participated in the study, of whom 62.8% were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the remainder with Dementia of the Alzheimer's type. All participants underwent pre-disclosure biomarker education and decisional capacity assessment, followed by baseline measures. Participants demonstration decisional capacity completed an interactive disclosure session during which they received dichotomous results of their research positron emission tomography (PET) scans for amyloid and tau (elevated versus not elevated for each biomarker). Findings were discussed in relation to presence/absence of Alzheimer's disease, the etiology of their cognitive difficulties, and risk for conversion or further decline. At baseline, immediately following disclosure, and at 1-week follow-up, participants completed several questionnaires: the Future Time Perspective (FTP) scale, a measure of how much the participant sees time as limited, the Self Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease scale (SECD), and the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI-8), all of which were modified to apply to Alzheimer's disease and associated experiences.
Results:The main effects of time (F=1.10, p=.334, A?p2=.026), biomarker status (F(1)=3.10, p=.086, Ajp2=.070), and the time by biomarker status interaction (F=0.39, p=.661, Ajp2=.009) on FTP score was not significant. Though neither time (F=0.07, p=.933, A?p2=.002) nor the time by biomarker status interaction (F=2.16, p=.122, Ajp2=.050) effect on SECD was significant, being biomarker positive (A+T-/A+T+) was associated with lower self-efficacy (F(1)=5.641, p=.022, Ajp2=.121). Neither main effect for time (F=0.15, p=.853, Ajp2=.004) or biomarker status (F(1)=0.35, p=.558, A?p2=.009) on SSCI-8 was significant. The time by biomarker status interaction was significant (f=4.27, p=.018, =.096), such that biomarker negative participants experience a transient increase in perceived stigma directly after disclosure that resolves one week later, and biomarker negative participants experience the opposite pattern.
Conclusions:Findings suggest that individuals who receive biomarker positive results may feel less competent to manage their symptoms compared to those who are biomarker negative, emphasizing the need for post-disclosure interventions targeting self-efficacy. The effect of disclosure on perceptions of time being limited and on perceived stigma were minimal, even when those results indicate evidence of Alzheimer's disease and risk for clinical progression. These results further support the safety of biomarker disclosure procedures. Future studies should provide longer-term assessment of psychological, behavioral, and clinical outcomes following Alzheimer's disease biomarker disclosure.
40 Positive and Negative Emotional Outcomes Following Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker Disclosure in Cognitively Symptomatic Older Adults
- Mary R. Lesniak, Marie Milliken, Sara Feldman, Scott J. Roberts, Benjamin M. Hampstead, Annalise M. Rahman-Filipiak
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 248-249
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
There are many potential benefits of early identification of those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including more opportunity for early intervention to slow AD progression (e.g., treatment, lifestyle changes, etc.) and to plan for the future. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans for abnormal amyloid and tau are commonly conducted in research settings. Despite strong interest in learning AD biomarker results, participants rarely receive their research data, in part due to concern about the possibility of undue distress based on results. We aimed to explore both positive and negative emotional reactions following PET biomarker disclosure as a function of result received.
Participants and Methods:Forty-three older adults (age = 72.0±6.21 years, education = 16.5±2.62 years, 49% Female, 88% White Non-Hispanic) completed PET amyloid and tau testing and disclosure. Sixty-three percent were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) while the remainder of participants were diagnosed with Dementia Alzheimer’s type (DAT). Participants completed pre-disclosure biomarker education and a decisional capacity assessment followed by baseline measures. Participants then completed a disclosure session where they received personal PET amyloid and tau results on an elevated vs. not elevated scale for each ligand. Results were discussed in relation to presence/absence of Alzheimer’s disease, how the result relates to their cognitive difficulties, and risk of developing Dementia-Alzheimer’s Type. At baseline (pre-disclosure), immediately post-disclosure, and 1-week post-disclosure, participants completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), The Geriatric Depression Scale - 15 Item (GDS-15), Impact of Neuroimaging in AD (INI-AD) Scale, and the Positive and Negative Affective Scale - Short Form (PANAS-SF). All questionnaires were modified to apply to Alzheimer’s disease and related experiences.
Results:Of the 43 participants who participated in disclosure, 74% received biomarker positive results (either A+T- or A+T+); all others were biomarker negative. We conducted a series of mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests to determine the effect of disclosure and biomarker status for each of the outcomes of interest. Neither the effect of time nor the time by biomarker status interaction was significant for any of the outcomes (all p>.05). The main effect of biomarker status was significant for BAI (F(1)=5.12, p=.031, n,p2=.146) and INI-AD Distress (F(1)=12.70, p=.001, np2=.241) and Positive (F(1)=34.57, p<.001, np2=.464) subscale scores with A+T-/A+T+ participants reporting higher negative affect than those who were A-/T-; however, even among biomarker positive individuals, scores did not exceed clinical thresholds. GDS-15, PANAS-Negative and Positive Subscale scores did not differ significantly by biomarker status (all p>.05) and no significant adverse events occurred following disclosure. Additionally, no participants cited regret about receiving their results.
Conclusions:While disclosure of biomarker positivity may result in mild increases in acute anxiety or distress, or fewer positive emotions, it does not result in clinically significant emotional reactions and was not associated with regret. Overall, findings are consistent with literature indicating safety of biomarker disclosure procedures for symptomatic individuals. Future research should follow participants over longer periods to evaluate the impacts of biomarker disclosure.
Fall Prevention Mobile Clinic: A Novel Fall Prevention Program for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
- Sonia Singh, Ashley Kwon, David G. T. Whitehurst, Kathleen Friesen, Vicky Scott, Samar Hejazi, Fabio Feldman
-
- Journal:
- Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement / Volume 37 / Issue 4 / December 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 September 2018, pp. 482-495
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Causes of falls in older adults are common, multifactorial, and can lead to significant injury. This before-and-after study evaluated the benefits of a Fall Prevention Mobile Clinic (FPMC) in reducing the risk of falling in older adults in British Columbia, Canada. Four hundred seventy-six participants (average age of 83.6 years) enrolled in the study and were followed for 12 months after attending the FPMC. At 12-month follow-up, the mean percentage uptake of fall prevention recommendations was 48.8 per cent (SD = 25.7%), the Timed Up and Go mobility measure improved from a median of 19.04 seconds to 17.45 seconds and the number of participants falling decreased from 64.8 per cent (in the 12 months before attending the clinic) to 55.6 per cent (in the 12 months after attending the clinic) (p = .012). After attending the FPMC, participants acted on recommendations, improved mobility and decreased their risk of future falls.
Perception, as you make it
- David W. Vinson, Drew H. Abney, Dima Amso, Anthony Chemero, James E. Cutting, Rick Dale, Jonathan B. Freeman, Laurie B. Feldman, Karl J. Friston, Shaun Gallagher, J. Scott Jordan, Liad Mudrik, Sasha Ondobaka, Daniel C. Richardson, Ladan Shams, Maggie Shiffrar, Michael J. Spivey
-
- Journal:
- Behavioral and Brain Sciences / Volume 39 / 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 January 2017, e260
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The main question that Firestone & Scholl (F&S) pose is whether “what and how we see is functionally independent from what and how we think, know, desire, act, and so forth” (sect. 2, para. 1). We synthesize a collection of concerns from an interdisciplinary set of coauthors regarding F&S's assumptions and appeals to intuition, resulting in their treatment of visual perception as context-free.
Contributors
-
- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Glasgow Coma Scale Scoring is Often Inaccurate
- Bryan E. Bledsoe, Michael J. Casey, Jay Feldman, Larry Johnson, Scott Diel, Wes Forred, Codee Gorman
-
- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 30 / Issue 1 / February 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 December 2014, pp. 46-53
- Print publication:
- February 2015
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Introduction
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is widely applied in the emergency setting; it is used to guide trauma triage and for the application of essential interventions such as endotracheal intubation. However, inter-rater reliability of GCS scoring has been shown to be low for inexperienced users, especially for the motor component. Concerns regarding the accuracy and validity of GCS scoring between various types of emergency care providers have been expressed.
Hypothesis/ProblemThe objective of this study was to determine the degree of accuracy of GCS scoring between various emergency care providers within a modern Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system.
MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of the accuracy of GCS scoring using a convenience sample of various types of emergency medical providers using standardized video vignettes. Ten video vignettes using adults were prepared and scored by two board-certified neurologists. Inter-rater reliability was excellent (Cohen's κ = 1). Subjects viewed the video and then scored each scenario. The scoring of subjects was compared to expert scoring of the two board-certified neurologists.
ResultsA total of 217 emergency providers watched 10 video vignettes and provided 2,084 observations of GCS scoring. Overall total GCS scoring accuracy was 33.1% (95% CI, 30.2-36.0). The highest accuracy was observed on the verbal component of the GCS (69.2%; 95% CI, 67.8-70.4). The eye-opening component was the second most accurate (61.2%; 95% CI, 59.5-62.9). The least accurate component was the motor component (59.8%; 95% CI, 58.1-61.5). A small number of subjects (9.2%) assigned GCS scores that do not exist in the GCS scoring system.
ConclusionsGlasgow Coma Scale scoring should not be considered accurate. A more simplified scoring system should be developed and validated.
. ,Bledsoe BE ,Casey MJ ,Feldman J ,Johnson L ,Diel S ,Forred W .Gorman C Glasgow Coma Scale Scoring is Often Inaccurate . Prehosp Disaster Med.2015 ;30 (1 ):1 -8
Notes on contributors
-
- By Lea Brilmayer, Chester Brown, Rodman R. Bundy, Henry Burmester, John R. Crook, Adele Faure, Mark Feldman, Ximena Fuentes, Christine Gray, M. Rafiqul Islam, Md. Saiful Karim, Natalie Klein, Coalter G. Lathrop, Makane Mbengue, John Merrills, Cesare P. R. Romano, Shirley Scott, Ivan Shearer, Tim Stephens, Christopher Ward, Michael Wood
- Edited by Natalie Klein, Macquarie University, Sydney
-
- Book:
- Litigating International Law Disputes
- Published online:
- 05 April 2014
- Print publication:
- 10 April 2014, pp viii-xiii
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Contributors
-
- By John A. Bargh, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Veronica Benet-Martínez, Elliot T. Berkman, Jim Blascovich, Marilynn B. Brewer, Heining Cham, Tanya L. Chartrand, Robert B. Cialdini, William D. Crano, William A. Cunningham, Rick Dale, Jan De Houwer, Alice H. Eagly, J. Mark Eddy, Craig K. Enders, Leandre R. Fabrigar, Susan T. Fiske, Shelly L. Gable, Bertram Gawronski, Kevin J. Grimm, K. Paige Harden, Richard E. Heyman, Oliver P. John, Blair T. Johnson, Charles M. Judd, Deborah A. Kashy, David A. Kenny, Norbert L. Kerr, Nuri Kim, Jon A. Krosnick, Paul J. Lavrakas, Matthew D. Lieberman, Kristen A. Lindquist, Todd D. Little, Yu Liu, Michael F. Lorber, Michael R. Maniaci, Kerry L. Marsh, Gina L. Mazza, Gary H. McClelland, Dominique Muller, Elizabeth Levy Paluck, Karen S. Quigley, Harry T. Reis, Mijke Rhemtulla, Michael J. Richardson, Ronald D. Rogge, Alexander M. Schoemann, Eliot R. Smith, R. Scott Tindale, Eric Turkheimer, Penny S. Visser, Duane T. Wegener, Stephen G. West, Tessa V. West, Keith F. Widaman, Vincent Y. Yzerbyt
- Edited by Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Charles M. Judd, University of Colorado Boulder
-
- Book:
- Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 February 2014, pp vii-viii
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Notes on Contributors
-
- By Thomas M. Achenbach, Marc H. Bornstein, W. Thomas Boyce, Robert H. Bradley, Kelly Bridges, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Brenda K. Bryant, Sandra L. Calvert, Scott Coltrane, E. Mark Cummings, Stacey B. Daughters, Cindy DeCoste, Marc de Rosnay, Jacquelynne S. Eccles, Hadas Eidelman, Ruth Feldman, Peter Fonagy, Walter S. Gilliam, Andrea L. Gold, Elena L. Grigorenko, Sara Harkness, Sybil L. Hart, Jessica S. Henry, Erika Hoff, Tom Hollenstein, Stephanie M. Jones, Julia Kim-Cohen, Pamela K. Klebanov, Brett Laursen, Mary J. Levitt, Alicia F. Lieberman, Shoon Lio, Jessica F. Magidson, Ann S. Masten, David L. Molfese, Peter J. Molfese, Lynne Murray, Jelena Obradović, Lauren M. Papp, Ross D. Parke, Yaacov Petscher, Aelesia Pisciella, Aliza W. Pressman, Sarah Rabbitt, Craig T. Ramey, Sharon Landesman Ramey, Jessica M. Richards, Robert W. Roeser, Thomas J. Schofield, Ronald Seifer, Anne Shaffer, Michelle Sleed, Laura Stout Sosinsky, Nancy E. Suchman, Charles M. Super, Louis Tuthill, Patricia Van Horn, Eric Vega, Sarah Ward, Monica Yudron
- Edited by Linda Mayes, Yale University, Connecticut, Michael Lewis
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Environment in Human Development
- Published online:
- 05 October 2012
- Print publication:
- 27 August 2012, pp ix-xvi
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Contributors
-
- By Phillip L. Ackerman, Soon Ang, Susan M. Barnett, G. David Batty, Anna S. Beninger, Jillian Brass, Meghan M. Burke, Nancy Cantor, Priyanka B. Carr, David R. Caruso, Stephen J. Ceci, Lillia Cherkasskiy, Joanna Christodoulou, Andrew R. A. Conway, Christine E. Daley, Janet E. Davidson, Jim Davies, Katie Davis, Ian J. Deary, Colin G. DeYoung, Ron Dumont, Carol S. Dweck, Linn Van Dyne, Pascale M. J. Engel de Abreu, Joseph F. Fagan, David Henry Feldman, Kurt W. Fischer, Marisa H. Fisher, James R. Flynn, Liane Gabora, Howard Gardner, Glenn Geher, Sarah J. Getz, Judith Glück, Ashok K. Goel, Megan M. Griffin, Elena L. Grigorenko, Richard J. Haier, Diane F. Halpern, Christopher Hertzog, Robert M. Hodapp, Earl Hunt, Alan S. Kaufman, James C. Kaufman, Scott Barry Kaufman, Iris A. Kemp, John F. Kihlstrom, Joni M. Lakin, Christina S. Lee, David F. Lohman, N. J. Mackintosh, Brooke Macnamara, Samuel D. Mandelman, John D. Mayer, Richard E. Mayer, Martha J. Morelock, Ted Nettelbeck, Raymond S. Nickerson, Weihua Niu, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie, Jonathan A. Plucker, Sally M. Reis, Joseph S. Renzulli, Heiner Rindermann, L. Todd Rose, Anne Russon, Peter Salovey, Scott Seider, Ellen L. Short, Keith E. Stanovich, Ursula M. Staudinger, Robert J. Sternberg, Carli A. Straight, Lisa A. Suzuki, Mei Ling Tan, Maggie E. Toplak, Susana Urbina, Richard K. Wagner, Richard F. West, Wendy M. Williams, John O. Willis, Thomas R. Zentall
- Edited by Robert J. Sternberg, Oklahoma State University, Scott Barry Kaufman, New York University
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 30 May 2011, pp xi-xiv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Contributors
-
- By Brian Abaluck, Imran M. Ahmed, Torbjörn Åkerstedt, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Anna Anund, Donna L. Arand, Isabelle Arnulf, Fiona C. Baker, Thomas J. Balkin, Christian R. Baumann, Michel Billiard, Michael H. Bonnet, Meredith Broderick, Christian Cajochen, Scott S. Campbell, Sarah Laxhmi Chellappa, Fabio Cirignotta, Yves Dauvilliers, David F. Dinges, Christopher L. Drake, Neil T. Feldman, Catherine S. Fichten, Charles F. P. George, Namni Goel, Christian Guilleminault, Shelby F. Harris, Melinda L. Jackson, Joseph Kaleyias, Göran Kecklund, William D. S. Killgore, Sanjeev V. Kothare, Andrew D. Krystal, Clete A. Kushida, Luc Laberge, Gert Jan Lammers, Christopher P. Landrigan, Sandrine H. Launois, Patrick Levy, Eva Libman, Yinghui Low, Jennifer L. Martin, Una D. McCann, Renee Monderer, Patricia J. Murphy, Sona Nevsimalova, Seiji Nishino, Eric A. Nofzinger, Maurice M. Ohayon, Masashi Okuro, Jean-Louis Pepin, Fabio Pizza, Anil N. Rama, David B. Rye, Paula K. Schweitzer, Hideto Shinno, Renaud Tamsier, Michael J. Thorpy, Astrid van der Heide, Hans P. A. Van Dongen, Mari Viola-Saltzman, Jim Waterhouse, Nathaniel F. Watson, Rajive Zachariah
- Edited by Michael J. Thorpy, Michel Billiard
-
- Book:
- Sleepiness
- Published online:
- 04 February 2011
- Print publication:
- 27 January 2011, pp vii-x
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Rejection sensitivity as a mediator of the impact of childhood exposure to family violence on adult attachment behavior
- Scott Feldman, Geraldine Downey
-
- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / Winter 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 October 2008, pp. 231-247
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Substantial evidence indicates a link between exposure to family violence in childhood and troubled social relationships. We draw on attachment and social-cognitive theory to formulate a model of the mechanisms underlying this association. The model proposes that early experiences of overt rejection (e.g., physical maltreatment) or covert rejection (e.g., emotional neglect) are internalized as sensitivity to rejection. In this study, we operationalize sensitivity to rejection in social-cognitive terms as a tendency to expect and be concerned about rejection across a range of social situations. We hypothesize that rejection sensitivity mediates the link between exposure to family violence and adult attachment behavior. Data from a survey of 212 undergraduates support this hypothesis and also provide evidence that indicates sensitivity to rejection underlies both avoidant and ambivalent patterns of insecure adult attachment behavior. Overall, the results illustrate the power of a process approach to explaining the developmental sequelae of maltreatment.
Expanded experimental space for luminescence studies of thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells
- Scott Feldman, Tim Ohno, Victor Kaydanov, Reuben Collins
-
- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 836 / 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, L7.4
- Print publication:
- 2004
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
We have explored a large range of experimental space for photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) measurements of CdS/CdTe solar cells. This space includes changes in temperature, injection intensity (laser power for PL, current for EL), electrical bias for PL, and laser energy for PL. Measurements were resolved both spectrally and spatially (2D for EL, 1D for PL). Combination of EL and PL measurements revealed that most spatial inhomogeneity was the result of non-uniform current transport rather than local variations in recombination rate. The greatest spectral resolution was obtained with low temperature EL at low injection rates. High injection EL as well as high forward biased PL suppressed band-edge emission at low temperatures. Spectral structure was found to be greater in EL than in PL. These effects likely originated from preferential current transport along grain boundaries and/or certain grains.
Development and Application of Electroluminescence Imaging for CdS/CdTe Characterization
- Scott Feldman, Fred Seymour, Tim Ohno, Victor Kaydanov, Reuben Collins
-
- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 763 / 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, B5.10
- Print publication:
- 2003
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
A technique for spatially resolved optical characterization of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells has been developed using electroluminescence (EL). In EL, excess minority carriers are injected via forward biasing. Light produced in radiative carrier recombination is collected with a CCD camera. Because EL intensity depends upon radiative vs. non-radiative recombination lifetimes, EL provides insight into material quality.
Spatial resolution is a key benefit of EL as it provides insight into the non-uniformities of polycrystalline CdTe. At high magnification the resolution is diffraction limited, but coarser measurements of up to several millimeters in range may also be made. Non-uniformities in emission have been observed throughout this range.
Further benefits of EL as a characterization technique are as follows: EL probes the region of most interest, namely the CdTe near the main junction. Also, it is observable at room temperature and data acquisition is fast. Finally, EL is observable at very low carrier injection rates, comparable to short circuit current. (Though more structure is often revealed at higher injection rates.) This low injection means that EL can be a non-destructive probe. This fact, along with the aforementioned ease of observation, means that EL could possibly be used for quality control and in situ testing of modules.
Data gathered from CdS/CdTe cells from various institutions deposited using different methods such as close spaced sublimation, vapor transport, and sputtering are presented. In addition to changes in deposition technique, changes in processing parameters were observed to affect EL emission. Furthermore, overall EL emission decreased noticeably with stress at various biases and elevated temperature, with non-uniformity increasing in many cases. Changes in EL become apparent before changes in parameters acquired with standard current-voltage measurements, suggesting that this technique can be used as an early indicator for degrading cells. Finally, some dramatic changes in EL with stress suggest highly non-uniform degradation of the back contact.